Radiographic Agents
In X-ray and CT studies, radiocontrast agents are substances that absorb the X-ray photons allow them to be detected by the X-ray film or CT scanner. An example commonly used is the element barium, that is delivered in the compound barium sulfate. Contrast dye can be injected into your blood vessels (to show the vessels), it can be ingested orally (to show the upper gut), or inserted into the rectum (to show the lower gut). In some CT scans, all three types of contrast (so-called “triple contrast”) are used.
In orthopedics, the most common use of radiographic agents is to inject the agent into a joint, or space within the body. Often the space is identified with the radiographic agent to confirm a needle is in the proper position before a medication is injected.
MRI Contrast Agents
MRI contrast works differently but also accentuates the differences between tissues. The MRI contrast has magnetic properties and is taken up by some tissues in the body. The altered properties will differentiate tissue types on the MRI image.
The most commonly used MRI contrast agent is the element gadolinium. As with radiographic agents, gadolinium can be injected into the blood vessels or injected into a joint. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI scans can be very helpful at showing subtle findings such as labral tears in the shoulder and hip cartilage damage. Without the contrast agent added, these more subtle findings may not be seen.
